pixijs-2d

PixiJS 2D Rendering Skill

Fast, lightweight 2D rendering engine for creating interactive graphics, particle effects, and canvas-based applications using WebGL/WebGPU.

---

When to Use This Skill

Trigger this skill when you encounter:

• "Create 2D particle effects" or "animated particles"
• "2D sprite animation" or "sprite sheet handling"
• "Interactive canvas graphics" or "2D game"
• "UI overlays on 3D scenes" or "HUD layer"
• "Draw shapes programmatically" or "vector graphics API"
• "Optimize rendering performance" or "thousands of sprites"
• "Apply visual filters" or "blur/displacement effects"
• "Lightweight 2D engine" or "alternative to Canvas2D"

Use PixiJS for: High-performance 2D rendering (up to 100,000+ sprites), particle systems, interactive UI, 2D games, data visualization with WebGL acceleration.

Don't use for: 3D graphics (use Three.js/R3F), simple animations (use Motion/GSAP), basic DOM manipulation.

---

Core Concepts

1. Application & Renderer

The entry point for PixiJS applications:

import { Application } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();

await app.init({
  width: 800,
  height: 600,
  backgroundColor: 0x1099bb,
  antialias: true,  // Smooth edges
  resolution: window.devicePixelRatio || 1
});

document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

Key Properties:

• app.stage: Root container for all display objects
• app.renderer: WebGL/WebGPU renderer instance
• app.ticker: Update loop for animations
• app.screen: Canvas dimensions

---

2. Sprites & Textures

Core visual elements loaded from images:

import { Assets, Sprite } from 'pixi.js';

// Load texture
const texture = await Assets.load('path/to/image.png');

// Create sprite
const sprite = new Sprite(texture);
sprite.anchor.set(0.5);  // Center pivot
sprite.position.set(400, 300);
sprite.scale.set(2);  // 2x scale
sprite.rotation = Math.PI / 4;  // 45 degrees
sprite.alpha = 0.8;  // 80% opacity
sprite.tint = 0xff0000;  // Red tint

app.stage.addChild(sprite);

Quick Creation:

const sprite = Sprite.from('path/to/image.png');

---

3. Graphics API

Draw vector shapes programmatically:

import { Graphics } from 'pixi.js';

const graphics = new Graphics();

// Rectangle
graphics.rect(50, 50, 100, 100).fill('blue');

// Circle with stroke
graphics.circle(200, 100, 50).fill('red').stroke({ width: 2, color: 'white' });

// Complex path
graphics
  .moveTo(300, 100)
  .lineTo(350, 150)
  .lineTo(250, 150)
  .closePath()
  .fill({ color: 0x00ff00, alpha: 0.5 });

app.stage.addChild(graphics);

SVG Support:

graphics.svg('<svg><path d="M 100 350 q 150 -300 300 0" /></svg>');

---

4. ParticleContainer

Optimized container for rendering thousands of sprites:

import { ParticleContainer, Particle, Texture } from 'pixi.js';

const texture = Texture.from('particle.png');

const container = new ParticleContainer({
  dynamicProperties: {
    position: true,   // Allow position updates
    scale: false,     // Static scale
    rotation: false,  // Static rotation
    color: false      // Static color
  }
});

// Add 10,000 particles
for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
  const particle = new Particle({
    texture,
    x: Math.random() * 800,
    y: Math.random() * 600
  });

  container.addParticle(particle);
}

app.stage.addChild(container);

Performance: Up to 10x faster than regular Container for static properties.

---

5. Filters

Apply per-pixel effects using WebGL shaders:

import { BlurFilter, DisplacementFilter, ColorMatrixFilter } from 'pixi.js';

// Blur
const blurFilter = new BlurFilter({ strength: 8, quality: 4 });
sprite.filters = [blurFilter];

// Multiple filters
sprite.filters = [
  new BlurFilter({ strength: 4 }),
  new ColorMatrixFilter()  // Color transforms
];

// Custom filter area for performance
sprite.filterArea = new Rectangle(0, 0, 200, 100);

Available Filters:

• BlurFilter: Gaussian blur
• ColorMatrixFilter: Color transformations (sepia, grayscale, etc.)
• DisplacementFilter: Warp/distort pixels
• AlphaFilter: Flatten alpha across children
• NoiseFilter: Random grain effect
• FXAAFilter: Anti-aliasing

---

6. Text Rendering

Display text with styling:

import { Text, BitmapText, TextStyle } from 'pixi.js';

// Standard Text
const style = new TextStyle({
  fontFamily: 'Arial',
  fontSize: 36,
  fill: '#ffffff',
  stroke: { color: '#000000', width: 4 },
  filters: [new BlurFilter()]  // Bake filter into texture
});

const text = new Text({ text: 'Hello PixiJS!', style });
text.position.set(100, 100);

// BitmapText (faster for dynamic text)
const bitmapText = new BitmapText({
  text: 'Score: 0',
  style: { fontFamily: 'MyBitmapFont', fontSize: 24 }
});

Performance Tip: Use BitmapText for frequently changing text (scores, counters).

---

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: Basic Interactive Sprite

import { Application, Assets, Sprite } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();
await app.init({ width: 800, height: 600 });
document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

const texture = await Assets.load('bunny.png');
const bunny = new Sprite(texture);

bunny.anchor.set(0.5);
bunny.position.set(400, 300);
bunny.eventMode = 'static';  // Enable interactivity
bunny.cursor = 'pointer';

// Events
bunny.on('pointerdown', () => {
  bunny.scale.set(1.2);
});

bunny.on('pointerup', () => {
  bunny.scale.set(1.0);
});

bunny.on('pointerover', () => {
  bunny.tint = 0xff0000;  // Red on hover
});

bunny.on('pointerout', () => {
  bunny.tint = 0xffffff;  // Reset
});

app.stage.addChild(bunny);

// Animation loop
app.ticker.add((ticker) => {
  bunny.rotation += 0.01 * ticker.deltaTime;
});

---

Pattern 2: Drawing with Graphics

import { Graphics, Application } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();
await app.init({ width: 800, height: 600 });
document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

const graphics = new Graphics();

// Rectangle with gradient
graphics.rect(50, 50, 200, 100).fill({
  color: 0x3399ff,
  alpha: 0.8
});

// Circle with stroke
graphics.circle(400, 300, 80)
  .fill('yellow')
  .stroke({ width: 4, color: 'orange' });

// Star shape
graphics.star(600, 300, 5, 50, 0).fill({ color: 0xffdf00, alpha: 0.9 });

// Custom path
graphics
  .moveTo(100, 400)
  .bezierCurveTo(150, 300, 250, 300, 300, 400)
  .stroke({ width: 3, color: 'white' });

// Holes
graphics
  .rect(450, 400, 150, 100).fill('red')
  .beginHole()
  .circle(525, 450, 30)
  .endHole();

app.stage.addChild(graphics);

// Dynamic drawing (animation)
app.ticker.add(() => {
  graphics.clear();

  const time = Date.now() * 0.001;
  const x = 400 + Math.cos(time) * 100;
  const y = 300 + Math.sin(time) * 100;

  graphics.circle(x, y, 20).fill('cyan');
});

---

Pattern 3: Particle System with ParticleContainer

import { Application, ParticleContainer, Particle, Texture } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();
await app.init({ width: 800, height: 600, backgroundColor: 0x000000 });
document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

const texture = Texture.from('spark.png');

const particles = new ParticleContainer({
  dynamicProperties: {
    position: true,  // Update positions every frame
    scale: true,     // Fade out by scaling
    rotation: true,  // Rotate particles
    color: false     // Static color
  }
});

const particleData = [];

// Create particles
for (let i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
  const particle = new Particle({
    texture,
    x: 400,
    y: 300,
    scaleX: 0.5,
    scaleY: 0.5
  });

  particles.addParticle(particle);

  particleData.push({
    particle,
    vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 5,
    vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 5 - 2,  // Slight upward bias
    life: 1.0
  });
}

app.stage.addChild(particles);

// Update loop
app.ticker.add((ticker) => {
  particleData.forEach(data => {
    // Physics
    data.particle.x += data.vx * ticker.deltaTime;
    data.particle.y += data.vy * ticker.deltaTime;
    data.vy += 0.1 * ticker.deltaTime;  // Gravity

    // Fade out
    data.life -= 0.01 * ticker.deltaTime;
    data.particle.scaleX = data.life * 0.5;
    data.particle.scaleY = data.life * 0.5;

    // Reset particle
    if (data.life <= 0) {
      data.particle.x = 400;
      data.particle.y = 300;
      data.vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 5;
      data.vy = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 5 - 2;
      data.life = 1.0;
    }
  });
});

---

Pattern 4: Applying Filters

import { Application, Sprite, Assets, BlurFilter, DisplacementFilter } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();
await app.init({ width: 800, height: 600 });
document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

const texture = await Assets.load('photo.jpg');
const photo = new Sprite(texture);
photo.position.set(100, 100);

// Blur filter
const blurFilter = new BlurFilter({ strength: 5, quality: 4 });

// Displacement filter (wavy effect)
const displacementTexture = await Assets.load('displacement.jpg');
const displacementSprite = Sprite.from(displacementTexture);
const displacementFilter = new DisplacementFilter({
  sprite: displacementSprite,
  scale: 50
});

// Apply multiple filters
photo.filters = [blurFilter, displacementFilter];

// Optimize with filterArea
photo.filterArea = new Rectangle(0, 0, photo.width, photo.height);

app.stage.addChild(photo);

// Animate displacement
app.ticker.add((ticker) => {
  displacementSprite.x += 1 * ticker.deltaTime;
  displacementSprite.y += 0.5 * ticker.deltaTime;
});

---

Pattern 5: Custom Filter with Shaders

import { Filter, GlProgram } from 'pixi.js';

const vertex = `
  in vec2 aPosition;
  out vec2 vTextureCoord;

  uniform vec4 uInputSize;
  uniform vec4 uOutputFrame;
  uniform vec4 uOutputTexture;

  vec4 filterVertexPosition() {
    vec2 position = aPosition * uOutputFrame.zw + uOutputFrame.xy;
    position.x = position.x * (2.0 / uOutputTexture.x) - 1.0;
    position.y = position.y * (2.0*uOutputTexture.z / uOutputTexture.y) - uOutputTexture.z;
    return vec4(position, 0.0, 1.0);
  }

  vec2 filterTextureCoord() {
    return aPosition * (uOutputFrame.zw * uInputSize.zw);
  }

  void main() {
    gl_Position = filterVertexPosition();
    vTextureCoord = filterTextureCoord();
  }
`;

const fragment = `
  in vec2 vTextureCoord;
  uniform sampler2D uTexture;
  uniform float uTime;

  void main() {
    vec2 uv = vTextureCoord;

    // Wave distortion
    float wave = sin(uv.y * 10.0 + uTime) * 0.05;
    vec4 color = texture(uTexture, vec2(uv.x + wave, uv.y));

    gl_FragColor = color;
  }
`;

const customFilter = new Filter({
  glProgram: new GlProgram({ fragment, vertex }),
  resources: {
    timeUniforms: {
      uTime: { value: 0.0, type: 'f32' }
    }
  }
});

sprite.filters = [customFilter];

// Update uniform
app.ticker.add((ticker) => {
  customFilter.resources.timeUniforms.uniforms.uTime += 0.04 * ticker.deltaTime;
});

---

Pattern 6: Sprite Sheet Animation

import { Application, Assets, AnimatedSprite } from 'pixi.js';

const app = new Application();
await app.init({ width: 800, height: 600 });
document.body.appendChild(app.canvas);

// Load sprite sheet
await Assets.load('spritesheet.json');

// Create animation from frames
const frames = [];
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  frames.push(Texture.from(`frame_${i}.png`));
}

const animation = new AnimatedSprite(frames);
animation.anchor.set(0.5);
animation.position.set(400, 300);
animation.animationSpeed = 0.16;  // ~10 FPS
animation.play();

app.stage.addChild(animation);

// Control playback
animation.stop();
animation.gotoAndPlay(0);
animation.onComplete = () => {
  console.log('Animation completed!');
};

---

Pattern 7: Object Pooling for Performance

class SpritePool {
  constructor(texture, initialSize = 100) {
    this.texture = texture;
    this.available = [];
    this.active = [];

    // Pre-create sprites
    for (let i = 0; i < initialSize; i++) {
      this.createSprite();
    }
  }

  createSprite() {
    const sprite = new Sprite(this.texture);
    sprite.visible = false;
    this.available.push(sprite);
    return sprite;
  }

  spawn(x, y) {
    let sprite = this.available.pop();

    if (!sprite) {
      sprite = this.createSprite();
    }

    sprite.position.set(x, y);
    sprite.visible = true;
    this.active.push(sprite);

    return sprite;
  }

  despawn(sprite) {
    sprite.visible = false;
    const index = this.active.indexOf(sprite);

    if (index > -1) {
      this.active.splice(index, 1);
      this.available.push(sprite);
    }
  }

  reset() {
    this.active.forEach(sprite => {
      sprite.visible = false;
      this.available.push(sprite);
    });
    this.active = [];
  }
}

// Usage
const bulletTexture = Texture.from('bullet.png');
const bulletPool = new SpritePool(bulletTexture, 50);

// Spawn bullet
const bullet = bulletPool.spawn(100, 200);
app.stage.addChild(bullet);

// Despawn after 2 seconds
setTimeout(() => {
  bulletPool.despawn(bullet);
}, 2000);

---

Integration Patterns

React Integration

import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import { Application } from 'pixi.js';

function PixiCanvas() {
  const canvasRef = useRef(null);
  const appRef = useRef(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    const init = async () => {
      const app = new Application();

      await app.init({
        width: 800,
        height: 600,
        backgroundColor: 0x1099bb
      });

      canvasRef.current.appendChild(app.canvas);
      appRef.current = app;

      // Setup scene
      // ... add sprites, graphics, etc.
    };

    init();

    return () => {
      if (appRef.current) {
        appRef.current.destroy(true, { children: true });
      }
    };
  }, []);

  return <div ref={canvasRef} />;
}

---

Three.js Overlay (2D UI on 3D)

import * as THREE from 'three';
import { Application, Sprite, Text } from 'pixi.js';

// Three.js scene
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight);
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

// PixiJS overlay
const pixiApp = new Application();
await pixiApp.init({
  width: window.innerWidth,
  height: window.innerHeight,
  backgroundAlpha: 0  // Transparent background
});

pixiApp.canvas.style.position = 'absolute';
pixiApp.canvas.style.top = '0';
pixiApp.canvas.style.left = '0';
pixiApp.canvas.style.pointerEvents = 'none';  // Click through
document.body.appendChild(pixiApp.canvas);

// Add UI elements
const scoreText = new Text({ text: 'Score: 0', style: { fontSize: 24, fill: 'white' } });
scoreText.position.set(20, 20);
pixiApp.stage.addChild(scoreText);

// Render loop
function animate() {
  requestAnimationFrame(animate);

  renderer.render(scene, camera);  // 3D scene
  pixiApp.renderer.render(pixiApp.stage);  // 2D overlay
}

animate();

---

Performance Best Practices

1. Use ParticleContainer for Large Sprite Counts

// DON'T: Regular Container (slow for 1000+ sprites)
const container = new Container();
for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
  container.addChild(new Sprite(texture));
}

// DO: ParticleContainer (10x faster)
const particles = new ParticleContainer({
  dynamicProperties: { position: true }
});
for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
  particles.addParticle(new Particle({ texture }));
}

---

2. Optimize Filter Usage

// Set filterArea to avoid runtime measurement
sprite.filterArea = new Rectangle(0, 0, 200, 100);

// Release filters when not needed
sprite.filters = null;

// Bake filters into Text at creation
const style = new TextStyle({
  filters: [new BlurFilter()]  // Applied once at texture creation
});

---

3. Manage Texture Memory

// Destroy textures when done
texture.destroy();

// Batch destruction with delays to prevent frame drops
textures.forEach((tex, i) => {
  setTimeout(() => tex.destroy(), Math.random() * 100);
});

---

4. Enable Culling for Off-Screen Objects

sprite.cullable = true;  // Skip rendering if outside viewport

// Use CullerPlugin
import { CullerPlugin } from 'pixi.js';

---

5. Cache Static Graphics as Bitmaps

// Convert complex graphics to texture for faster rendering
const complexShape = new Graphics();
// ... draw many shapes

complexShape.cacheAsBitmap = true;  // Renders to texture once

---

6. Optimize Renderer Settings

const app = new Application();
await app.init({
  antialias: false,  // Disable on mobile for performance
  resolution: 1,     // Lower resolution on low-end devices
  autoDensity: true
});

---

7. Use BitmapText for Dynamic Text

// DON'T: Standard Text (expensive updates)
const text = new Text({ text: `Score: ${score}` });
app.ticker.add(() => {
  text.text = `Score: ${++score}`;  // Re-renders texture each frame
});

// DO: BitmapText (much faster)
const bitmapText = new BitmapText({ text: `Score: ${score}` });
app.ticker.add(() => {
  bitmapText.text = `Score: ${++score}`;
});

---

Common Pitfalls

Pitfall 1: Not Destroying Objects

Problem: Memory leaks from unreleased GPU resources.

Solution:

// Always destroy sprites and textures
sprite.destroy({ children: true, texture: true, baseTexture: true });

// Destroy filters
sprite.filters = null;

// Destroy graphics
graphics.destroy();

---

Pitfall 2: Updating Static ParticleContainer Properties

Problem: Changing scale when dynamicProperties.scale = false has no effect.

Solution:

const container = new ParticleContainer({
  dynamicProperties: {
    position: true,
    scale: true,  // Enable if you need to update
    rotation: true,
    color: true
  }
});

// If properties are static but you change them, call update:
container.update();

---

Pitfall 3: Excessive Filter Usage

Problem: Filters are expensive; too many cause performance issues.

Solution:

// Limit filter usage
sprite.filters = [blurFilter];  // 1-2 filters max

// Use filterArea to constrain processing
sprite.filterArea = new Rectangle(0, 0, sprite.width, sprite.height);

// Bake filters into textures when possible
const filteredTexture = renderer.filters.generateFilteredTexture({
  texture,
  filters: [blurFilter]
});

---

Pitfall 4: Frequent Text Updates

Problem: Updating Text re-generates texture every time.

Solution:

// Use BitmapText for frequently changing text
const bitmapText = new BitmapText({ text: 'Score: 0' });

// Reduce resolution for less memory
text.resolution = 1;  // Lower than device pixel ratio

---

Pitfall 5: Graphics Clear() Without Redraw

Problem: Calling clear() removes all geometry but doesn't automatically redraw.

Solution:

graphics.clear();  // Remove all shapes

// Redraw new shapes
graphics.rect(0, 0, 100, 100).fill('blue');

---

Pitfall 6: Not Using Asset Loading

Problem: Creating sprites from URLs causes async issues.

Solution:

// DON'T:
const sprite = Sprite.from('image.png');  // May load asynchronously

// DO:
const texture = await Assets.load('image.png');
const sprite = new Sprite(texture);

---

Resources

• Official Site: https://pixijs.com
• API Documentation: https://pixijs.download/release/docs/
• Examples: https://pixijs.io/examples/
• GitHub: https://github.com/pixijs/pixijs
• Filters Library: @pixi/filter-* packages
• Community: https://github.com/pixijs/pixijs/discussions

---

Related Skills

• threejs-webgl: For 3D graphics; PixiJS can provide 2D UI overlays
• gsap-scrolltrigger: For animating PixiJS properties with scroll
• motion-framer: For React component animations alongside PixiJS canvas
• react-three-fiber: Similar React integration patterns

---

Summary

PixiJS excels at high-performance 2D rendering with WebGL acceleration. Key strengths:

1. Performance: Render 100,000+ sprites at 60 FPS
2. ParticleContainer: 10x faster for static properties
3. Filters: WebGL-powered visual effects
4. Graphics API: Intuitive vector drawing
5. Asset Management: Robust texture and sprite sheet handling

Use for particle systems, 2D games, data visualizations, and interactive canvas applications where performance is critical.