Network 101
Purpose
Configure and test common network services (HTTP, HTTPS, SNMP, SMB) for penetration testing lab environments. Enable hands-on practice with service enumeration, log analysis, and security testing against properly configured target systems.
Inputs/Prerequisites
- Windows Server or Linux system for hosting services
- Kali Linux or similar for testing
- Administrative access to target system
- Basic networking knowledge (IP addressing, ports)
- Firewall access for port configuration
Outputs/Deliverables
- Configured HTTP/HTTPS web server
- SNMP service with accessible communities
- SMB file shares with various permission levels
- Captured logs for analysis
- Documented enumeration results
Core Workflow
1. Configure HTTP Server (Port 80)
Set up a basic HTTP web server for testing:
**Windows IIS Setup:**
- Open IIS Manager (Internet Information Services)
- Right-click Sites → Add Website
- Configure site name and physical path
- Bind to IP address and port 80
**Linux Apache Setup:**
# Install Apache
sudo apt update && sudo apt install apache2
# Start service
sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2
# Create test page
echo "<html><body><h1>Test Page</h1></body></html>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html
# Verify service
curl http://localhost**Configure Firewall for HTTP:**
# Linux (UFW)
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
# Windows PowerShell
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "HTTP" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 80 -Action Allow2. Configure HTTPS Server (Port 443)
Set up secure HTTPS with SSL/TLS:
**Generate Self-Signed Certificate:**
# Linux - Generate certificate
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 \
-keyout /etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key \
-out /etc/ssl/certs/apache-selfsigned.crt
# Enable SSL module
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo systemctl restart apache2**Configure Apache for HTTPS:**
# Edit SSL virtual host
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
# Enable site
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
sudo systemctl reload apache2**Verify HTTPS Setup:**
# Check port 443 is open
nmap -p 443 192.168.1.1
# Test SSL connection
openssl s_client -connect 192.168.1.1:443
# Check certificate
curl -kv https://192.168.1.13. Configure SNMP Service (Port 161)
Set up SNMP for enumeration practice:
**Linux SNMP Setup:**
# Install SNMP daemon
sudo apt install snmpd snmp
# Configure community strings
sudo nano /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
# Add these lines:
# rocommunity public
# rwcommunity private
# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart snmpd**Windows SNMP Setup:**
- Open Server Manager → Add Features
- Select SNMP Service
- Configure community strings in Services → SNMP Service → Properties
**SNMP Enumeration Commands:**
# Basic SNMP walk
snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1
# Enumerate system info
snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1 1.3.6.1.2.1.1
# Get running processes
snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2
# SNMP check tool
snmp-check 192.168.1.1 -c public
# Brute force community strings
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt 192.168.1.14. Configure SMB Service (Port 445)
Set up SMB file shares for enumeration:
**Windows SMB Share:**
- Create folder to share
- Right-click → Properties → Sharing → Advanced Sharing
- Enable sharing and set permissions
- Configure NTFS permissions
**Linux Samba Setup:**
# Install Samba
sudo apt install samba
# Create share directory
sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/sha
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